Search strategies and trust in sources of information about oncological diseases in the population of Russia
PUBLIC HEALTH
Abstract
Introduction.Effective communication with cancer patients, their close ones, and the general public on oncology topics requires an understanding of their information needs and the sources they trust. In Russia, the field of oncology communication remains insufficiently systematized and requires in-depth study.The aim of the studywas to identify the resources used for searching oncology-related information, to determine the information needs and factors of confidence in information sources among the population, in order to develop practical recommendations for optimizing the communication activities of specialized organizations.Material and methods. A nationwide online survey was conducted in 2023 among 995 residents of major Russian cities aged 18 and over. The sample included three subgroups: patients with personal cancer experience (n=49), close relatives of patients (n=403), and individuals without such experience (n=543). The sample was structured based on Rosstat data regarding respondents’ gender, age, and residence in a specific federal district.Results.The study revealed that the primary search strategy is using internet search engines (48–64%, depending on the disease stage). At the same time, a significant proportion of respondents (65%) do not remember the names of specific sources, indicating the secondary importance of the source brand compared to information accessibility. The role of discussions with healthcare providers increases substantially during the treatment and rehabilitation stages. Substantial lack of specific, structured information was identified at all stages. The population shows a high level of confidence in scientists and medical doctors (84–85%), however, some respondent groups use intuitive evaluative criteria to assess reliability. Websites of charitable foundations are virtually absent in the information landscape (about 1% of mentions).Conclusion.The two main sources of oncology information are internet search engines and doctors, whose significance depends on the stage of the disease. The population trusts medical professionals and scientists but prioritizes the quality and structured nature of information over source recognition. The primary demand of patients is for practical, clearly differentiated information according to disease stages. The study provides recommendations aimed at filling information gaps regarding various aspects of oncological diseases.
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