Methodological approaches to hygienic assessment of public health risk
HYGIENE
Abstract
Introduction. In order to increase the informativeness of the results of the population health risk calculation and to ensure the possibility of conducting a comparative analysis, it is necessary to use an indicator that allows to characterize the severity of the relationship between factors and indicators of population health. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of using the Global Burden of Diseases indicator for a hygienic assessment of the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population based on the use of the health risk assessment methodology. Materials and methods. Model territories with atmospheric air pollution by fine dust (above the maximum permissible concentration) and acoustic load (60, 65, 70 d BA) were used. The measured parameter is one year of healthy life DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Year), lost due to disease, disability, or premature death. Statistical processing was carried out using the standard Excel 16.0 (Office 2016) software package. Results. The use of risk factors (chemical or physical pollution of natural environments) allows to assess the proportion of the severity of a particular disease associated with exposure to an unfavorable factor or a combination of environmental factors. The presented calculations are simplifications of complex biological processes. However, as cities develop their transportation infrastructure and noise levels increase, the burden of diseases will also increase. There is a clear non-linear relationship. When the noise level increases from 60 to 70 d BA (by 10 d BA), the total burden of diseases increases by more than two times (from ~1220 to ~2740 DALY/year). Conclusion. The proposed methodological approach allows for a higher level of comparative quantitative assessment of the impact of factors on public health and implements a mechanism for calculating the effectiveness of preventive measures.
References
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